Report on the Economy of France

Question: Examine about the Report on the Economy of France. Answer: Presentation Right now, France is the fifth-biggest economy on the planet. The administration part is the essential supporter of countrys economy. Eminently, 70 percent of the countrys GDP is delivered by the administration business (France Economic Outlook 2016). Basically, the countrys primary fares incorporate hardware and transportation gear, aviation and plastic among others. Then again, its imports incorporate hardware, vehicles, and raw petroleum. The countrys the travel industry area is additionally blasting, making France one of the most visited nations. The joblessness rate has balanced out after some time in spite of the fact that it is still high at 9.9% as at 2016 (OECD 2016). Current Macroeconomic Situation Purchaser value levels rose from 0.5 percent to 0.6 percent in December 2016 (France Inflation, 2017). Remarkably, this was the most noteworthy expansion level since May 2014. Especially, food, vitality and administration costs have expanded. The center value pointer (ISJ) dropped by 0.1% in December. Also, the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices Stagnated among October and December. The expansion rate found the middle value of 4.5% from 1958 until 2016 (France Inflation 2017). Furthermore, pay disparity is prevalent in the France economy. Redistributive assessments and moves are a potential answer for money disparity. Expanding openings for work and interests in training and abilities are fitting measures to diminish joblessness rates. Better training builds employability chances for the jobless. Sexual orientation equity with regards to compensation in business be executed. The OECD Economic standpoint report proposes that ladies win 15% not as much as men. Destruction of this sort of segregation will go far in annihilating salary disparity and give business chances to progressively female specialists. In 2015, the countries net national pay was assessed at 2.544 trillion dollars. In that year, the total national output expanded by around 1.1% percent (CIA, 2017). Be that as it may, the elevated level of government consumption and slurry monetary action eased back the countrys development rate. In the course of recent years, the nation has been encountering noteworthy spending deficiencies. A year ago, the spending shortfall was around 9.9 percent of the recorded GNP. All things considered, the GDP development rate has expanded throughout the years. In particular, the development rate increased from 0.6% in 2014 to 1.3% in 2016. Around the same time, the GDP per capita was recorded as $42,400 (CIA, 2017). Note that the degrees of joblessness in the nation are altogether high. For example, the joblessness rate expanded from 7.8 percent in 2008 to 9.9 percent in 2014. Especially, youth joblessness is a significant test. In 2015, joblessness levels rose to 10.8 percent (Overview, 2016). Basically, joblessness is brought about by absence of openings for work. Absence of interest for products and enterprises prompts more employment cutbacks expanding the quantity of jobless people. Underemployment and youth joblessness lead to underutilization of monetary assets. Pay disparity in France is practically equivalent to the OECD normal. Somewhere in the range of 2007 and 2011, France encountered the most elevated increment in extra cash imbalance (Loiseau, 2014). As of late, salary imbalance rates have expanded by 1.6percent. Likewise, sex pay hole has been broadening since 2000. All things considered, ladies in France win roughly 14 percent not exactly their male partners. Additionally, the hole between poor people and the rich has augmented throughout the years (Loiseau, 2014). In addition, open obligation has stressed the countrys economy. All things considered, the high government spending has incapacitated development of French economy. Outside getting of accounts to fill spending shortfalls have arrived at elevated levels. In any case, the legislature has found a way to diminish these shortfalls by lessening its consumption. The high government spending is ascribed to the way that France has one of the biggest open areas on the planet. In this way, the huge open obligation results from high open spending by the legislature to give products and enterprises to its residents. Major Macroeconomic Problems Slow Growth Frances greatest monetary issue is moderate financial development (Walker, 2016). A year ago, the nation recorded roughly 0.5 percent development. In like manner, the degree of monetary action was assessed at 2.8 percent in that year. Especially, the moderate development rate has been because of the proceeded with work showcase challenges (The Economist, 2017). Principally, these issues emerge from the double occupation showcase in the nation. The double market framework is portrayed by high wages, advancement prospects and professional stability offered to insiders. Accordingly, the more youthful work power can just access momentary work agreements or none. Moreover, high government managed savings commitment necessities have added to the high work costs prompting slurred monetary development rate in France. Moreover, the moderate development rate is brought about by the excessively enormous spending shortages in the nation. The shortages are ascribed to high government consumption in the midst of constrained government income. Remarkably, the countrys government spending was roughly 56 percent of the GDP. This figure is amazingly high contrasted with OECDs normal of 43 percent (Elder, 2015). High open use can be ascribed to the huge size of the nation and tremendous remote getting. Diminished government use can be accomplished through constrained remote acquiring and spending. Private division speculation motivating forces are additionally liable to decrease government use to general society. High Unemployment High joblessness levels is another significant test for the French economy. Today, roughly 10.2 percent of the workforce is jobless. Notably, this rate around the normal objective rate for the Eurozone. The degree of youth joblessness is generally high in the nation. All things considered, reports demonstrate that one in each four people underneath 25 years is jobless in France (Elliott Penketh, 2014). In addition, the presence of government assistance programs is an incredible disincentive for people in the nation to take up low paying employments. Additionally, broad business guideline in the economy disheartens new speculations, in this manner decreasing the quantity of work openings. Likewise, the overwhelming weight of tax collection disheartens work, reserve funds and venture openings in this way expanding the degrees of joblessness. Powerless interest for items shortens financial development (Loiseau, 2014). The elevated levels of joblessness have likewise caused an expansion in neediness and vagrancy in France. Principally, neediness is an outcome of joblessness. Especially, absence of wages cripples the capacity to manage the cost of fundamental needs, for example, lodging offices (Elliott Penketh, 2014). Also, poor foundation, low scholarly capabilities and poor mental and physical wellbeing are among the heap of difficulties confronting the French populace. Unlawful movement presents work difficulties. Unlawful migrants increment strain on openings for work which would somehow or another be for the jobless residents (France Economy, 2010). Proposals Answers for Slow Economic Growth The Banque de France is the national bank of France. Prevalently, the national bank is entrusted with the obligation of detailing and actualizing financial arrangement in the nation. The focal fiscal approach of the Eurozone has been Frances strategy since 1999 (Francesco-Mayot, 2017). Today, the money related power executes financing cost approaches. Additionally, the bank uses fiscal arrangement instruments to keep up low swelling levels in the nation. Also, the national bank keeps up moderately low renegotiating rates. Therefore, every one of these measures have prompted expanded monetary development in France. The legislature ought to likewise urge private part ventures to expand the degree of monetary movement in the nation. The expansion in the total interest for products and enterprises in the economy will spike financial development. Production of development focuses will help improve the total economy. In addition, the administration ought to empower interests in innovative work. All things considered, such speculations will support financial profitability and advancement in the nation. Thusly, this would prompt expanded financial development in France. Essentially, tax reductions and tax cuts ought to be actualized in the nation. Such an activity will go far in expanding the degree of discretionary cashflow accessible to firms and families. Thus, this will expand the total interest and spike financial development. Furthermore, it will go about as a motivator for greater speculation. Union of government accounts will likewise improve the degree of monetary development. Ordinarily, diminished government consumption can be accomplished through spending cuts and increasingly private division investment in the French economy. Answers for high joblessness Genuinely, the duality of work in the nation ought to be decreased. In this way, the administration, in a joint effort with worker's guilds should devise frameworks for saving representatives, particularly those on changeless work contracts. These strategies could be disentangled and abbreviated. Moreover, redistributive duty system could be actuated to boost new ventures and work power to look for business openings. Also, an expansion sought after for merchandise and ventures will make more openings for work for the jobless populace. Low work costs will go about as a motivating force for businesses to employ more specialists. Besides, this will make more openings for work for the jobless. Therefore, joblessness levels will drop. Spending cuts have been actualized since 2003 to decrease government spending (Macroeconomic Developments, 2017). The presentation of legitimate roads for shelter searchers will help lessen illicit movement. Migration adds to joblessness levels in France. Illicit foreigners ought to be extradited to free work open doors for French residents. Expansion

Truss Essay Example For Students

Support Essay The meaning of a bracket is any of variousstructural outlines dependent on the geometric unbending nature of the triangle and composedof straight individuals subject just to longitudinal pressure, strain, or both:functions as a pillar or cantilever to help spans, rooftops, and so on. Brackets arethe most normally utilized auxiliary gadget utilized in engineering today. Brackets areused in pretty much all that they are in your storage room, horse shelters, structures, andbridges. A bracket is utilized in design and building, it is a supportingstructure made of pillars, supports, or bars typically made of steel or wood. A trussusually appears as a triangle or blend of triangles, this plan iscapable of conveying a lot of weight. Brackets are utilized for huge spansand substantial burdens, particularly in scaffolds and rooftops. Their open development islighter than a shaft organized stage yet is similarly as solid. The pieces of atruss are the tie-shafts, posts, rafters, and swaggers; t he separation over which thetruss expands is known as the range. A bracket is shaped by associating the finishes ofstraight bits of metal or wood to frame a progression of triangles lying in a singleplane. A support depends on the way that a triangle is an arrangement thatcannot breakdown or change its shape except if the length of one of the sides ischanged. The two most regularly utilized bracket structures are the Howe and Warrentrusses. In 1806 the main licensed extension framework, the Burr curve bracket was usedin the US. The Town bracket was created in 1820, in 1840 the Howe support wasinvented, and in 1841 the bowstring was imagined it was an advancement inengineering structure. The Pratt and Warren supports were concocted between 1838 and1844. The primary brackets were made of wood and utilized for building homes and rooftops. We will compose a custom paper on Truss explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now During the eighteenth and mid nineteenth hundreds of years cast and created iron were utilized, mostlyin the development of railroad spans. Later in the nineteenth century steel becamethe most utilized bracket material. Brackets are utilized additionally for the development ofiron-outline mechanical structures and in rooftop and floor frameworks. They are alsoused in the development of certain mechanical machines, for example, cranes, lifts,and in the structure of airplane and vehicle outlines. Two kinds of brackets arethe Howe and Warren supports, Warren supports are more proficient than Howe trussesin conveying a heap considering the heaviness of material utilized in the constructionof the support. The ideal proportion of stature to traverse length is anyplace between0.23 and 0.41 for Howe brackets, and 0.16 and 0.39 for Warren supports. The Prattand the Warren were basic skeletal structures that adjusted well to press andeventually to steel that is the reason they are two of the m ost mainstream brackets usedtoday. Brackets are significant in todays world they assist us with intersection hugebodies of water, they hold the rooftop up over our heads, and they permit cranes tobe ready to help enormous measures of weight when building goliath high rises. Thefact is the creation of the bracket is similarly as significant as the development of thewheel. Life would be troublesome without brackets. Engineering

Join SIPA Students of Color for their annual Career Summit COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Join SIPA Students of Color for their annual Career Summit COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog From SIPA Students of Color: SIPA Students of Color would like to extend an invitation to those of you who may be interested in attending next weeks 2nd Annual SIPA Students of Color Career  Summit  entitled, A New Generation of Economic Empowerment and Political Activism. This half-day seeks to highlight the entrepreneurs, activists and organizations on the front line of the fight to empower and uplift marginalized communities at home and abroad. Also in attendance at the event will be members from our student org partners including Women in Leadership, Gender Policy Working Group, Spectrum, Technology and Innovation Student Association and the Human Rights Working Group. Please have a look at  the Eventbrite for an updated schedule, a  list of participating  organizations and employers and more general information. If you are interested in attending for the whole half-day, just for the luncheon or just one panel specifically, that is totally fine. We just ask that you respond to this email here so we can make sure that you are registered on the Eventbrite, free of charge. This will help us better anticipate capacity issues throughout the day.

A Report On The Battle Of Wanat - 1267 Words

Forethought or the counter ability to think as far down the road as we need is not always a blessing given to us. This is exactly what led to the Battle of Wanat. Sights are set on the 50-yard target because the rifleman is shooting at you, yet the 1000-yard target is a tank that has your position zeroed in. Near sighted vision requires a broad peripheral reaction force. Under staffing and over extending the battle force led to the variable that would ultimately lead to the almost defeat of Combat Out Post (COP) Kahler, ex-fil, and the awarding of a Medal of Honor. The events that lead to the establishment of COP Wanat have been studied and picked apart from at the highest levels of our military. Multiple Army Regulation (AR)†¦show more content†¦The approval of final plans to move from COP Bella and build COP Kahler happened. Rock Move is the name of the operation. Rock Move consisted of the closing of COP Bella and the construction of COP Kahler. COP Kahler was the un-official name given to the new COP in the village of Wanat in the Waygal valley. When the moved happened, multiple elements of TF Rock are used. Multiple companies played specific roles in the closing and opening events. CH-47 Chinook Helicopters were the prime moves from personal from COP Bella to Camp Blessing. At the same time the Chinooks made multiple turns from COP Bella to COP Blessing, TF Rock was sending a small contingent of vehicles to the location of COP Kahler. Overnight, COP Kahler was established when the Highly Mobile Multi Wheeled Vehicle’s (HMMWV) approached the plateau set forth for Kahler. Initially the multi-squad element that arrived at Kahler only set up a perimeter and security for the arrival of more Soldiers the following day. Once the sun was up, the small element started to build defensive positions. Throughout the entire build up process, the Soldiers were limited to certain times of day that they could work. Due to the enemy being ho lding a strong point within the valley, the Soldiers always wore their body armor. During peak hours of heat, Soldiers rested and prevented the waste of key supplies like water. Shortly after sun up on theShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of Operational And Intelligence Failures1950 Words   |  8 Pagesattle of Wanat In 2008, U.S. forces near the village of Wanat in Nuristan province, Afghanistan were almost overrun during an enemy attack. The attack became known as the Battle of Wanat and resulted in nine soldiers killed and 27 wounded (United States Army Combined Arms Center, 2008). In this paper, a battle analysis review will highlight the circumstances surrounding the battle, and the operational and intelligence failures attributed to the losses in life. A review will highlight what aspectsRead MoreIntegrity Is The Greatest Moral Obligation Essay746 Words   |  3 Pagesassignment as a public affairs officer in 2010. General Charles Campbell, the FORSCOM commander was preparing to give a conclusive investigation briefing to the family members of fallen soldiers that died during Battle of Wanat. The Battle of Wanat is often called the Army s worst single day of battle in the Afghanistan conflict. About 3 months earlier, Campbell had signed off on the investigation conducted by CENTCOMâ₠¬â„¢s Lieutenant General Natoski. The recommended charges were dereliction of duty againstRead MoreEssay about Profession of Arms11066 Words   |  45 Pagesand flow have continued. The Army in Desert Shield- Desert Storm was highly professional; the Army after the next decade of build-down and the exodus of captains and other leaders and talent in the late 1990s was arguably much less so. A recent report suggests that the operating forces of the Army, after nine years of war in the Middle East, exhibit more clearly the traits and character of a profession, comparatively, to force-generating side of the Army. So, as described above as a producing

1984 by George Orwell - 590 Words

In the world of 1984 technology is used to spy and intimidate society, and it is unlike our current society that uses the technology for safety reasons. In the book 1984 their government uses force and telescreens to brainwash their community to believe something else. In todays world we use our advance technology to better our community and make it safer for others. The technology of cellphones and cameras are not creating a world like 1984 because in our current society it is more free than 1984. While it is true that cameras can monitor us on the streets, it does not necessarily mean that our current society is only looking for those who are trying to commit a crime. Take in consideration, in the article â€Å" Long Beach Police to use 400 cameras†¦.† states that; â€Å" we are using every technology advantage to improve safety in the city† (winton). Basically what the police are saying is that why not use our advance technology to improve our justice system and our community to make it safer for others. In making that comment it shows that statistics that crime rates went down because of it. Furthermore in the book â€Å" 1984† by George Orwell, he describes their community police as noisy when Orwell states â€Å" helicopters skimmed down between the roofs [....] it was the police patrol, snooping into peoples windows â€Å"( Orwell 2). In other words what the author is trying to say is that there is no freedom in 1984. It also shows how the Thought Police can do what they want no matter whatShow MoreRelated1984 by George Orwell842 Words   |  4 Pages            1984, by George Orwell, is a novel that is ultimately about a totalitarian form of government and its negative aspects that it imposes on society. The readers clearly see that George Orwell opposes this form of government because it limits not only freedoms, but the idea of freedom itself. The idea of pure freedom is shattered as we see the protagonists missio n to overthrow Big Brother fail. Big Brother may have not even been real. However, the fear that this imaginery person/ organizationRead More1984 By George Orwell1038 Words   |  5 Pages 1984 by George Orwell Brittany Beard Creative Writing 12/14/17 Abstract In this essay, I will use three sources to develop an answer to the question: â€Å"What relevance does Orwell’s text, 1984, written in 1948, have on today’s society?†. I will discuss today’s society’s use of words used in, 1984. The sources given are all relatable, but i have chosen these three, because I can give a better reasoning to how they are relatable. I must include Citations for all informationRead MoreOrwell s 1984, By George Orwell1617 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment. Correlating with the basis of being human, humanity is the building blocks of human life, which goes to show its importance, but what if the blocks were being taken away one by one? In the novel, 1984, by George Orwell, these blocks were being stripped away from the citizens every day. Orwell gives the readers insight in a world where technology inhibits daily life, humans lack intuition, and the repression of individuality. For instance, technology today is so prevalent in our daily livesRead MoreOrwell s 1984 By George Orwell2061 Words   |  9 Pagescorrupt thought,† states George Orwell, a well-known author, showing how powerful words are, to the point where they can influence the thoughts of people. This is a common theme throughout history, referred to as propaganda, where those in control present words and information to the public to change their opinion on ideas, causes, or policies. The use of propaganda appears in many forms of literature, but it is an especially prominent idea in the novel 1984 by George Orwell. The plot centers on WinstonRead MoreThe Novel 1984 By George Orwell1332 Words   |  6 PagesINHUMANITY. WHAT CORE ELEMENTS OF HUMANITY THAT NOVEL EXPLORES? George Orwell’s novel ‘1984’ shows the crucial need for love, independence, hope and freedom in the midst of inhumanity. Bob Dylan once said â€Å"No one is free, even the birds are chained to the sky (Dylan, n.d)†. In ‘1984’ Winston attempts to remain human whilst everyone he knows is doing otherwise. That is until he meets Julia, a young woman who surfaces desire and hope in him. Orwell shows the core elements of humanity such as independenceRead MoreGeorge Orwell s 1984 919 Words   |  4 Pagesattitudes of its citizens. George Orwell examines the dangers of this flawed relationship between government bodies and individuals. In 1984, he illustrates the worst possible outcome, a corrupt tyrannical government creating a dystopian world filled with lifeless citizens. Orwell explores the consequences of a totalitarian society in 1984 through the struggles of Winston, the manipulations of O’Brien, and the perfection of Winston. Once Winston is confined in the Ministry of Love, 1984 examines the characterRead MoreThe Novel 1984 By George Orwell954 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel â€Å"1984† by George Orwell exemplifies the issues of a government with overwhelming control of the people. This government controls the reality of all of their citizens by rewriting the past, instilling fear, and through manipulation. This is an astounding story because of the realistic qualities that are present throughout the text about an extreme regulatory government and its effects. This society is overwhelming consumed with the constructed reality that was taught to them by Big BrotherRead MoreAnalysis Of 1984 By George Orwell954 Words   |  4 PagesSophie Moore Mrs. N. Finley E209R3 – 1984 literary analysis 27 January 2015 Symbolism throughout 1984 The novel 1984 is a futuristic totalitarian society where everyone is kept under close surveillance and is forced to follow all rules and laws of the state. The novel 1984 was written by George Orwell and published in 1950. The main characters were Big Brother, Winston Smith, Julia, O’Brien, Syme and Emmanuel Goldstein. Winston Smith is a low man on the totem pole when it came to the ruling PartyRead More1984 by George Orwell811 Words   |  3 Pages1984 is a cautionary tale, where Orwell is warning the society of possible government takeover. This novel caution people to keep in mind the actions that government is taking. The reason behind this novel was World War II. It’s not a secret that post world war era looked very socialist in order to avoid future wars. Nations like Soviet Union and different European Nations practiced socialism to avoid future uprisings against the government. To some extent his warnings actually turned out to beRead MoreDehumanization In 19 84 By George Orwell1579 Words   |  7 PagesGeorge Orwell utilizes his novel 1984 to pass on that individuals, as a species, are greatly vulnerable to dehumanization and abuse in the public arena. Orwell shows how an administrations control of innovation, dialect, media, and history can persecute and debase its subjects. In 1984 the political control of innovation persecutes the general population of Oceania and prompts the defeat of independence and of the qualities that characterize mankind. Telescreens and the Internet are utilized not

Mapping Channel Flows in the Music CD industry Free Essays

In the music CD industry, the choice of the efficient marketing policy is one of the crucial factors in the success of the particular brand. CD’s are one of low-involvement products which can be bought by the customers out of the large selection. In order to be successful, every particular producer in the music industry has to define the marketing mix of the product which includes product, price, promotion, and place. We will write a custom essay sample on Mapping Channel Flows in the Music CD industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now While the first 3 components of marketing mix are very important, the last one which is place seems to â€Å"catch all† of the 4 P’s. Place is a very complex component of marketing mix because it includes such important areas of marketing as decisions about channels, logistics, retailing, customer support and many other issues. The right choice of distribution policy and channels are very important for the success of the producer, and those aspects cannot be neglected. The easiest way for the producer to sell the products to the final customers is by direct selling. The dialog between the supplier and the buyer is the easiest way in which the product can be purchased. However, most industries do not have such a luxury. It becomes inefficient for the producer to sell items directly to the customer, and he gives those functions to all types of intermediaries. In most cases, complex industries have a whole chain of intermediaries which bring the product to the end-user. This system of distribution represents a kind of a channel through which from the producer to the first intermediary and from the first intermediary to all others one by one product, payments, and information flow are channeled. Whenever the chain is very long, it’s obvious that every member in the chain, as well as the end-user has his specific needs, which all have to be taken into account by the producer. It’s very important to make sure that the information flow through the channel does not break. The more intermediaries there are between the producer and the end-user, the more complicated the relationships inside the channel become, and more attention has to be paid by the producer so that the quality of the product remains high as in the very beginning of the chain. CD’s industry deals with rights on a particular part of property, therefore it’s very important to maintain the chain of suitable distributors which provide the highest quality of the music record companies products. The most widely-used forms of â€Å"channels† of distributions used by the companies include the following: v Selling direct (with the help of salesforce); v Mail order (including telephone sales); v Retailer; v Wholesaler; v Agent (who acts on the behalf of the producer) (Mercer, 467) In order to maintain the quality of the production, it’s necessary for the producer to keep some control over the members of the distribution channel. Most music record companies pay close attention to that. Once the control is entirely lost, it might be hard for the producer to monitor the sales and the quality. The most efficient structure is when the producer structures the distribution channel by himself. Depending on what market the producer is in, this issue touches him in a different way. For example, when the producer produces mass consumer goods and there are many competitors in the market offering the same type of product, it’s not that important for the producer to control all the distributors who offer his product. The producer’s goal is to increase the number of distributors offering his product because he wants to have a large share of the market. In the opposite case, when the goods produced by the company have some unique features and the company competes with competitors mostly in quality, it has to take responsibility over the quality of the products which it offers and may suffer losses if the quality of the products end-users receive is low. Therefore, the producer will very much care in such a case about the quality of the goods which are offered to the end-users, and do his best to determine only very reliable distributors of his production in order to have a strong emphasize on quality. The mentioned approaches which can be used by the producer in the distribution policy therefore include: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Intensive distribution; 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Selective distribution; 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Exclusive distribution. In the case of the intensive distribution, the main emphasize is made on the number of distributors selling the company’s product. The price competition is evident in such a case and quality of all the similar goods offered in the market is pretty much the same. Selective distribution means that the producer selects suitable distributors to re-sell the product. Those distributors who have a good reputation get a chance to sell the company’s products. The selection can be quite wide, and the producer in such a case in not very concerned about the top quality of the products which he is offering. Exclusive distribution is common in such fields where companies offer products with unique characteristics and the main point of the marketing policy of the company is offering goods of the highest quality. Every little detail of the product is important in such a case. Therefore, companies choose a very limited selection of distributors who will be re-selling their product in order to maintain the highest quality. The main partners of the company in the distribution channels include such establishments as specialty outlets, supermarkets, department stores, and discount outlets. Specialty outlets have a narrow product line (Mercer, 473). For example, in fashion industry specialty outlets aim at women of a specific age group with a specific taste. Such distributors offer a greater degree of personal service and usually the selection of products for the targeted group of customers is very large. Supermarkets can be characterized by the following principles: self-service and self-selection displays; centralization of customer services; large scale; a strong price emphasize; a broad assortment of merchandise. The most famous supermarkets include Sainsbury, Tesco, Wal-Mart, and others. Department stores cover a large variety of products in different departments of the stores and offers great competition for supermarkets. Examples of department stores include Boots, Marks Spencer, British Home Stores. Discount outlets specialize in a â€Å"high turnover at low cost†. They usually specialize in products of one field and get a 30-day credit from their suppliers. For example, they include Dixons in consumer electronics/electrical; MFI in furniture. A major feature of the distribution channel is that there is a â€Å"value-add’ of every level of channel. Just as the product and information are channeled from one level of the channel to another, the value is also added at every level step by step. For example, in the music industry, the value is first added by the manufacturer who makes the music label, then the CD’s are passed to distributors, sometimes on a couple of levels until they reach the customer. At every level, the value is added because more companies participate in the process. The manufacturer is the one who owns the music label and therefore is the main player in the game. He adds the most value to the product, which consists of the cost of production and the profit. However, without the distributors the CD would not be able to get the end-users, so at every level of the channel new value is added to the primary product. The first level of distributors can be wholesalers, the second level can consist of retailers. Therefore, value is added at 3 levels until it reaches the end-user. In the music industry, the efficiency of channel members is very high. Companies producing CD’s pay close attention to the distributors who specialize in selling CD’s and for the most part, those channels fall into the category of selective distribution. The channel distribution in the music industry is very complex due to the characteristic features of the industry. Nowadays, there are many companies which produce CD’s (give the music label) and there are many customers in the market who are willing to buy those CD’s.   For example, Sony Records, Inc. is one of the leaders in the music industry production. However, it faces some competition in the market. Customers can give preference to CD’s produced by other companies as well. Therefore, every music record company needs to make sure there are many distributors who are brining CD’s to the end-users and also maintain high quality of the product. The distributors in the music industry include music stores which deal with CD’s in particular, supermarkets where one can also find this product, and Internet distributors which specialize in music CD’s. The chain of distributors is quite large in the music industry. It’s very important for music record companies to provide the highest quality of their musical CD’s. One of the reasons of the need in high quality is that nowadays music record companies face sharp competition from the Internet. It has become very simple for people who are fond of music to download music files from the Internet, and they no longer need to go into the music stores in order to get the CD’s. The files which people can download from different sites are free of charge, and no money goes to the singers from those operations. One of the ways to fight with that competition for music record companies is by offering the highest quality of their products. If a person can buy a CD of the highest quality in the music store, he might stick to it and not use Internet for getting his favorite music albums. Another way is to include Internet distributors of music products which can compete with free music upload by offering additional services. Such distributors as Amazon.com for example can guarantee high volumes of CD’s sales due to its closeness to the customer. It’s common truth that many people who use Internet are interested in music. As long as they can order their favorite CD’s on Amazon.com, they will keep their hands off the free file upload. However, in such a case the emphasize on the quality is important as never: the customers will order CD’s from Amazon.com as long as the quality of CD’s is beyond competition. In addition to that, it’s important to make sure Internet users get some additional benefits together with CD’s, for example, suggestions about their future possible purchases, discounts, or free information about their favorite singers. The efficiency of the CD’s and payment in the music industry through the distribution channel is very efficient but there can be some developments made in it. The most important is to keep in mind the importance of Internet in the distribution of CD’s. It’s also possible to devote some attention to such types of direct marketing as teleselling, direct mail, and direct selling. By mailing catalogues to potential customers, large volumes of sales can be achieved. For maximum efficiency of distribution in music industry, it’s necessary for music record companies to devote lots of attention to maintaining a large chain of distributors but at the same time monitor the quality of the products which are being offered to end-users. Bibliography. David Mercer. Marketing. Blackwell Business. 1992. J. Barry Manson, Moris L. Mayer, Hazel F Ezell. Foundations of Retailing. Business Publications, Inc., 1984. Kevin J. Clancy, Robert S. Shulman. The Marketing Revolution. HarperBusiness, 1991. Kotler. Marketing Management. 1986. R.M. Johnson. Market segmentation: a strategic marketing tool. Journal of Marketing research, vol. 7, 1981. How to cite Mapping Channel Flows in the Music CD industry, Essay examples

SWAT team Essay Example

SWAT team Essay More SWAT teams sprang up around the nation throughout the sixties seventies, where they were most needed. For instance, in 1975, the Fresno Police Department put together a SWAT team that consisted of ten men – two sergeants and eight deputies. They armed themselves with weapons confiscated from properties and evidence. That same year, in San Jose, California, Fred Solomon stabbed and tried to rape a woman in her home. When her children called police, he led his pursuers on a chase across San Jose. During the chase, Solomon stole three vehicles, threatened various people, kidnapped and shot a doctor. Finally, Solomon hijacked a Continental Airlines 727. He was brought down by a sharpshooter on San Jose’s SWAT team (UPI, 1975). The SWAT concept was so new in 1975 that newspapers had to explain to their readers what the initials stood for. In 1977, a group called MOVE holed themselves up in a house, along with rats, dogs and excrement. When neighbors complained about the smell, inspectors had gone to investigate, but were blocked by MOVE protestors. Police then went in to aid the inspectors. When one of the officers spotted a gun in the hand of a MOVE member, he asked her to throw down her gun. We will write a custom essay sample on SWAT team specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on SWAT team specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on SWAT team specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Instead, MOVE opened fire on the SWAT team below. The members then threw a little girl out of their basement window as a shield. A plainclothes officer rescued her, and the SWAT team managed to capture automatic weapons and ammunition that the group had stored in its house. Some of MOVE’s members were then charged with murder. Their children were taken, given baths, and turned over to Welfare, because MOVE was against soap, and burying garbage (UPI, 1978). In 1979, a San Diego sixteen-year-old, who had received a gun as a Christmas present from her father, opened fire on teachers and students at an elementary school. She killed the school’s principal, a custodian, and an officer who attempted to bring a wounded child to safety. She also wounded children from age six to age twelve. The school was across from her home, which SWAT officers surrounded. Through negotiation, they convinced her to come out from her barricade. The girl claimed she had been trying to â€Å"cheer up† a Monday (UPI, Sniper kills two in school yard, 1979). In 1980, prisoners in Santa Fe, New Mexico took over the New Mexico state prison. Prisoners began fighting other prisoners, leaving more than twenty-seven inmates dead, before the SWAT team went in and regained control. The deaths were brutal and caused by mutilation and burning. Reports said that the brutality was unthinkable. The SWAT team managed to keep all the hostages alive, overcoming the power of around 250 inmates. Here, the SWAT team demonstrated that the usual police power was not enough for specialized cases. The ability of SWAT officers to avoid unnecessary violence was showcased as well (UPI, 1980). In 1984, the SWAT team was called in, when Olympic athlete, Kari Swenson was kidnapped by mountain men as she was jogging. When Swenson’s friend Alan Goldstein found her and tried to free her, the men shot and killed him. Swenson herself was also shot in the gunfire, and nearly bled to death, but the athlete was found in time and rushed to the hospital. Her captors, Don and Dan Nichols managed to escape. Therefore, the SWAT team, using high-technology equipment and flying helicopters, were asked to search for them (Anez, 1984). Although the team did not succeed in its initial attempts, the two mountain men were brought into custody later in the year (Hauser, 2008).